Change-making machine



June 17, 1930. Q scHwAR-Tz CHANGE MAKING MACHINE 8 Sheets-Sheet Filed Feb. 24,- 1923 Q@ @m@ Q@ Q@ d @M2M mwhf.

:2: gmc/M01@ um r June 17, 1930. c. SCHWARTZ CHANGE MAKING MACHINE Filed Feb. 24, 1925 8 Sheets-Sheet E Car/5c naar@ June 17, 1930. c. SCHWARTZ 1,764,357

CHANGE MAKI NG MACHI NE Filed Feb. 24, 1923 8 Sheets-Sheet 5 "1 1 E l (D v L AFE June 17, 1930. c. SCHWARTZ 1,754,357

CHANGE MAKING MACHINE Filed Feb. 24, 1923 8 Sheets-Sheet 4 Car/ ya/QQ?,

addr/M4136 Julie 17, 1930. Q SCHWARTZ. 1,764,357

CHANGE MAKING MACHINE Filed Feb. 24, 1923 8 Sheets-Sletl 5 lu ues/1to1 Car/ y'wa/,

June 17, 1930. c. scHwARTz CHANGE MAKING MACHINE Filedreb. '24, 1925 e sheets-sheet June 17, 1930. C, SCHWARTZ 1,764,357

CHANGE MAKING MACHINE Filed Feb. 24, 1923 s sheets-sheet 7 8 Sheets-Sheet 8 June 17, 1930. C; SCHWARTZ CHANGE MAKING MACHINE Filled Feb. 24, 1923 Patented June 17, 19830 cam. scnwnrz, or Dmnr'r, anoniem GRANGE-md ncnma Application filedv February 34,1923. Serial No. 620,880.

` This invention relates to machines, for making change, and particularly to machines adapted for automatically selecting the smallest number of coins that will aggregate the change required when the amount of the purpose and the amount of the money tendered in payment are known.

The principal object of the invention is to provide a machine which will operate without mental calculation by the cashier to deliver the correct change rapidly, thus avoiding mistakes and delay due to hasty mental arithmetic. 1

Another object of the invention is to provide a mechanism which is simple in construction and in which only two operations are necessary, to wit Pressure upon a key indicating the amount of the purchase vand pressure upon another key representing the amount tendered in payment.

Further objects of the invention will be apparent in connection with the following description, reference being made to the accompanying drawings, in which is illustrated a preferred form of my invention and two of its modifications.

Figure 1 is a plan view of my device, the cover plate being removed; l

Fig. 2 is a section on the line II-II of Fig. 1; 1

Fig. 3 is a fragmentary elevation showing the ejector keys;

Fig. 4 is a section on the line IV-IV of Fig. 2;

Fig. 5 is an end elevation on the line V--V of Fig. 2, the sides of the casing being shown in section;

Fig. 6 is a vertical section on the line VI--VI of Figs. 1 and 2;

Fig. 7 is a fragmentary vertical section on the line II-.JI of Fig. 1, showing the centrally located ejector key moved about half way in the operation of ejecting coins;

Fig. 8 is a corresponding section representcorresponding to that shown in Fig. 2, but illustrating a modification;

Fig. 19 1s a fragmentary vertical Ilongi- `tudinal section corresponding to Fig. 18, but

'illustrating another modification;

' Fig. 20 1s a` section on the line XX-XX of Fig. 19;

Fig. 21 is a fragmentary plan view of the coin holders shown in Figs. 19 and 20, and

Fig. 22 is a fragmentary sectional view showing in elevation the release lever for the o5 latching plate.

A machine embodying the present invention comprises a key board having a bank or series of keys representing all purchase amounts from one cent to ninety-nine cents and a series of five keys, each ofwhich represents a single coin or a combination of coins, the sum of all of which would be necessary to produce an amount at least equal to the amount of the purchase. Any one of the five keys when operated causes the ejection of coins from the machine. The keys of the first set control a series of selector plates, each of which determines the number and denomination of the coins which can possibly be ejected by the operation of any of the five ejector keys. Each ejector key selects from the coins rendered possible of ejection by any one of the first series of keys, the particular coins necessary to make the correct change representing the difference between the smaller purchase amount and the larger amount tendered specific to the ejector key used. 9o

The present mechanism also embodies means for locking a selector key in depressed position, until one of the ejector keys has been operated, or until another selector key is depressed. In either case, the operation of the ejector key, or pressure upon another selector key, acts to release the locking mechanism for the depressed key.

In order to prevent partial or imperfect operation of the ejector mechanism, means are provided for locking the ejector keys against return movement when they have been moved a distance suicient to begin the ejection of coins from their holders, and the locking means for the ejector keys is released only when the ejector key has been fully operated, or pressed to a position in which the coins ejected thereby have been completely removed from their respective holders. Means are also provided to prevent movement of the ejector keys until a selector key has been depressed, this locking means preventing an improper action of the ejector mechanism such as might occur in the absence of proper use of a selector key.

In the present embodiment of the invention, means are also provided for preventing the simultaneous depression of two adjacent keys, such as might otherwise occur in the hasty operation of the machine if the finger of the operator encountered two keys instead of one.

Referring to the drawings, the base of the machine is indicated by the numeral 1, and upon this b ase are secured bracket members 2, upon which is mounted a pivot shaft 3 for.

a series of levers 4 which extend longitudi-` nally of the machine. In the device illustrated in Figs. 1 to 18, there are eleven of these levers 4, each of which is slotted at its forward end as indicated at 5, to engage with a pin 6 set transversely of a rod 7. The rods 7 are mounted for sliding movement through perforated bars 8 and 9, and each is provided with a spring 10 engaged between the bar 9 and a stop 11 secured to the rod 7, the springs 10 acting to maintain the rods 7 normally in contact with adjustable stop bolts 12, mounted upon a bracket bar 13 secured to the base l. The upper end of each rod 7 is expanded to form a head 14, having a transverse groove 15, and arranged above each of the heads 14, is a holder 16, consisting of a receptacle partially tubular in configuration, each of these holders being adapted to receive coins of the current denominations. In the present embodiment, the first holder 16 to the left in Fig. 5, is of a size to receive half dollars; the next, of a size to receive quarters; the next two, of a size to receive dimes; the fifth holder, of a size to receive nickels; the next four holders, of a size to receive cents, and the two to the right, of a size to receive nickels. For convenience of reference, these columns are designated in Figs. 1 and 5, by numerals designating the number of cents forming the value of each coin to be held therein.

Ejector mechanism Mounted opposite the heads 14, at a point substantially in the plane of the top surface thereof, are a series of ejector rods 17, one for each container, these ejector rods being guided at their forward ends by tubular openings 18 provided in the lower portion of the casting 19 in which are formed the coin containers 16. The rear ends of the rods 17 are guided by perforations 20, (Figs. 7 and 8), formed in a transverse bar 21 set substantially parallel to the casting 19. Secured to each of the ejector bars 17, as by screws 22, are bracket arms 23, the lower ends of which are bifurcated as shown at 24, the bifurcated ends being mounted astride guide rods 25 secured to the bar 9. Springs 26 normally act to maintain the arms 23 in contact with one or more pusher bars 27, 28, 29, 30 and 31.

As most clearly shown in Figs. 1 and 6, the bar 27 extends tranversely of the machine substantially parallel with the bar 21. Its length is such that it lies in Contact with the first nine bracket arms from the left in Fig. 6. The bar 28 is shown as arranged immediately above the bar 27 and parallel therewith. It lies in contact with the same bracket arms as those engaged by the bar 27 with the exception of the one farthest to the left which controls the ejector rod for the holder in which fifty cent pieces are placed. The bar 29 lies above and parallel with the bar 28. It engages the same bracket arms as those engaged by the bar 28, with the exception of the last one to the left engaged by the bar 28, which controls the ejector rod operating beneath the receptacle in which twentyiive cent coins are placed. The bar 30 lies above the rod 29 and parallel therewith, but it is of a length such that it engages only the four bracket arms connected with the ejector rods for the holders in which one cent pieces are placed and the next bracket arm to the right in Fig. 6 which controls a column in which tive cent pieces are placed. The bar 31 lies above and parallel with the bar 30. It engages only the four bracket arms controlling the ejector rods for the one cent pieces and the bracket located at the extreme right in Fig. 6 which controls an ejector rod for a container in which five cent pieces are placed. It will be observed, that the bracket arm 23, second from the right in Fig. 6, is shorter than the one farthest to the right, and does not reach to a sufhcient height to be engaged by the bar 31.

Each of the bars 27, 28, 29, 30 and 31, is supported for sliding movement by means of a rearward extension passing through plates 32 and 33, these plates being appropriately slotted as illustrated at 34 in Figs. 1 or 18.

Upon the rear end of the extension 35 ofthe bar 27 is a key marked 1.00 in Figs. 1 and 3. Upon the rear end of the extension 36 of the bar 28 is a key marked 50. Upon the rear end of the extension 37 of the bar 29, 1s a key marked 25 75. U on the extension 38 of the bar 30, is a long ey indicated in Fig. 3, as being red and bearing the numerals l0--20-3545-60-708595. Upon the extension 39 of the bar 31, is a long key indicated in Fig. 3 as being blue, and this key bears the numerals 5-15-30-40-55-65- 80-90. It will of course be obvious that other colors may be chosen to suit the convenience of the manufacturer or the desire of a customer.

Selector mechanism Above the levers 4 to the rear of the pivot shaft 3, are a series of selector plates designated as 40 in Figs. 2, 4 and 9. Each plate has an upwardly extending member or stem upon the top of which is mounted a key bearing a numeral indicating the amount of the purchase in cents. As best illustrated in Figs. 9 to 17, these selector plates lie directly above all of the levers 4, and each plate is adapted for limited vertical movement. A spring 41 bearing at one end against a collar 42 secured upon the stem of each plate and bearing at its other end against a transverse plate 43 supported upon the side walls of the machine casing, act to maintain each plate 40 normally at its upper limit of movement in which its lowermost edge lies just above the top of the levers 4 in their uppermost osition when the rods 7 lie in contact with the stops 12. Each plate 40 is provided with one or more notches opposite one or more of the levers 4, the depth of each notch being such that the plate may be pressed downward to its lowermost position before the bottom of the notch comes into contact with its correspondin lever. The portion of the plate not provi ed with notches bearing upon the levers 4 will act to press down all of the levers of the set, except those which lie opposite the notches'.

In Fig. 9, the selector key numbered 23 is shown as depressed and it will be seen that the plate 40 controlled by this key is provided with six notches. The four notches on the left hand lie opposite the levers beneath which are the figures 5**, 5*, 1, 1, and the two notches atl the right lie opposite the levers designated by the numerals 25 and 50. It will be noted that the levers opposite the notches remain in their normal position and that the other five levers are depressed. A detailed description of the function of the selector operation of the levers will Abe given in the paragraphs dealing with the operation of the selector mechanism.

Latchi/ng mechanism In order to hold a selector plate in its lowermost position, the upper extension or stem of each plate is provided with a projection which acts in conjunction with a sliding plate 44 as a latch mechanism, the plate 44 being forced to the ri ht in Fig. 9, by the cam surface 45 as a ey is depressed and after the key has been lowered so that the plate 44 has passed the cam portion of the projection, the spring 46' (see Fig. 1) draws the plate into a notch 47 having a face substantially at right angles to the path of movement of the stem. When the plate has entered the notch, the action of the spring 41 tending to. press the stem upward will be resisted by the plate 44 and the key will be held in its lowermost position. If any key is so held and pressure is applied u on another key free to move the plate 44 will. be forced to the right, in Fig. 9, by the cam surface .45 on the stem being depressed and as soon as the plate has moved a short distance, the edge of the plate will reach the outer limit of the notch 47, whereupon lthe beveled surface 48 on the stem which was first de ressed, will engage the,latch plate 44 and t e spring 41 will act to throw the stem upwardly. Thus it will be seen that downward pressure on any key free to move will cause the release of any other key already held in a depressed position. The latch plate 44 may be supported in any suitable manner, but as illustrated, it lies upon the upper surface of angle brackets 49, 50 and 51 secured to the side walls 44 of the casing. The plate is provided with slots 52, these slots determining the direction of its path of movement and in sach slot is a guide screw 53, thev head of which prevents upward movement of the plate 44. To insure parallelism of movement of the plate, bell crank levers 54 and 55 are provided, each of these levers being connected by a link 56 with a lug 57 which may conveniently be formed by bending down a portion of the metal of the plate 44 as indicated in Figs. 2' and 9. A link 58 connects the levers 54 and 55 to cause simultaneous movement thereof.

-Mounted beneath the bar 21 and substantially parallel therewith, is a rock shaft 59 from which extend arms 60 and 61. The arm 61 is connected by a link 62 with the outer end of the arm of the bell crank lever 55 remote from the link 56. Movement of the latch plate 44 through its connection by links 56 with the bell crank levers 54 and 55 will cause longitudinal movement of the link 62, which being pivoted at its end to the arm 61 will cause a partial rotation of the rock shaft 59. Beneath each of the extensions 35, 36, 37, 38 and 39 of the ejector bars is formed a rack 63, and beneath each rack is a pawl 64 pivoted as at 65 upon a vertically movablev standard 66. Each standard 66 is provided with an opening 67 through which passes the rock shaft 59 and opposite each opening 67 of the shaft 59 has formed thereon. an eccentric portion 68. As the rock shaft is oscillated about its axis by the movement of the arm 6l, the eccentric 68' acts to produce a longitudinal vertical movement of the standard 66. The standard is gui-ded at its lower end in a suitable slot 69 formed in the plate 43 and its upper portion is guided by a slot 70 in the bar 2l. A spring 7l acts to swing .he pawl 64 about its pivot toward the rack 63 so that when the standard 66 is in its uppermost position, as shown in Fig. 2, the pawl 64 is yieldingly pressed against the u nderside of the adjacent extension of an ejector har, so that when an ejector bar has been moved forward by pressure upon its key, the pawl will engage the rack and prevent rearward movement of the ejector bar.

Pivoted upon a support 72 is a lever 7 3, the lower end of which is pivotally connected to one end of a link 74, the other end of the link being pivoted to the arm 60 of the rock shaft 59. As indicated in Fig. l, the upper end of the lever 73 is bifurcated to lie astride a guide bar 25 which acts as a guide member for the bracket arm 23 attached to the ejector rod 17 operating beneath one of the holders in which cents are held.

Pivoted to the lever 73 is a slotted link 7 5, the slot of this link receiving a pin 76 projecting from the side of a pivoted latch 77 mounted on a bracket 78 upon the support 72. The bracket 78 has a. portion 79 which lies beneath the latch 77 to limit its downward movement.

Referring to Fig. 9, itwill be observed that the latch plate 44 engages in the notch 47 in the stem of the selector key 23, and that its movement to the leftis limited by engagement with the vertical wall of the notch, this wall extending outward a little distance from the stem. When the plate has been released from the notch, it must move to the right in Fig. 9, far enough to permit the outer corner of the cam portion 45 to pass through the slot in the plate and the spring 46 will then throw the plate 44 into contact with the stem beneath the cam surface.

ln Fig. 2, the parts are shown in the position they assume when one of the keys (23 in this instance) is depressed and held in locked position with the plate 44 in the notch 47. 1,"Vhen the plate 44 is in its normal position beneath the cam surface of all the stems, it will lie further to the left in Fig. 9 than in the position it occupies when one of the keys is depressed, and this movement further to the left will cause a greater angular movement of the bell crank resulting in a movenent of the link 62 to the position in dashed lines 62 in Fig. 2. This will result in a change in the angular position of the arm and a corresponding change in the angular position of the lever 73 due to its connection with the arm 60 by means of the link 74.

When the lever 73 moves to the position shown in dashed lines at 7 3. in Fig. 2, the end of the slot in the lever 75 will engage the pin 76 and-the latch 77 will be thrown into the position shown in dashed lines in Fig. 2. When the latch is thus thrown upward, it will act as an abutment to prevent forward movement of the bracket arm 23, and by reference to Fig. 6, it will be seen that this bracket arm 23 lies opposite all five of the bars 27, 28, 29, 30 and 31. B this mechanism, when all of the selector eys are free, the forward movement of the ejector keys will be prevented, but depression of any of the keys to a point where the latch plate 44 will engage in a notch 47, will hold the plate 44 in a position such that the links 62 and 74 and the lever 73 will be in the position shown in full lines in Fig. 2, permitting the latch plate 77 to drop out of latching position and permitting forward movement of any of the ejector keys.

With the parts as shown in Fig. 2, forward movement of any of the ejector keys will cause the bracket arm 23 to move forward above the latch 77 until it comes in contact with the bifurcated end of the lever 73, and further forward movement will cause the lever 73 to swing about its pivot, throwing the link 74 to the right in Fig. 2, and causing angular movement of the arm 60 and partial rotary movement of the rock shaft 59. This will result in a movement of the link 62 to the right in Figs. l and 2, and a movement of the plate 44 sutlicient to disengage it from the notched portion 47 of the stem of whatever key may be depressed. The spring 4l will then act to throw the stem and selector plate 40 upward and the latching plate 44 will be free to be returned by the spring 46 into contact with the stems of the selector keys beneath the cam surfaces 45 as soon as the position of the other parts permits its movement.

So long as the ejector key is held forward with the bracket arm 23 in contact with the lever 73, the latch plate of course cannot return to latching position. Rearward movement of the bracket arm caused by the spring 26 as the ejector key is released, would permit swinging movement of the lever 73 and as soon as the bracket arm 23 has moved a little way to the rear, this movement of the lever 73 and the link 74 connected thereto, would operate to cause the rock shaft 59 with its eccentric 68 to lift the pawl 64 into latching position so that the ejector key could not return. To prevent such action, there is provided a spring member 80 secured at its rear end to the plate 32 and having its forward end in position to engage a lug 8l upon the upper end of the lever 7 3, when the lever has been swung forward by the bracket arm 23 as the arm reaches the point necessary to assure the complete ejection of the coins from the holdcan ers. With the lever 73 in this position shown in dot and dash lines in Fi 2, the link 74 acting upon the arm 60, wi l hold the rock shaft 59 swung into a position in which the eccentric 68 will hold the standard 66 lowered. Upon the upper end of the standard 66 is a lug 82, vwhich limits the angular movement of the pawl 64 about its pivot 65, `and when the standard 66 is in its lowered position, the pawl 64 will be held bythe lug 82 just out of contact with the rack 63 and the extension 39 will be freed for rearward movement under the compulsion of the spring 26 while lug 81 on lever 73 is held by member 80. 'lhe spring member 80 lies adjacent to the bracket arm 23-and has a beveled portion 83 formed thereon in position to be en aged by the arm 23 just before it reaches its limit of rearward movement. Arm 23 encountering this beveled portion will swing the spring member to one side and force the end of the spring out 0f contact with the lug 81, whereupon the lever 73 will be freed for swinging movement under the action of the spring 46. The latch plate 44 will then return to its normal position beneath the cam surface in Contact with the stems of the selector keys. The spring member 8O will be held away from the lever 73 so long as the arm 23 is in its rearward position and the swinging movement of the lever 73 caused by the operation of the cam projection on the selector keys will not bring the lug 81 into latching engagement with the spring member 80. y

Operation of the selector and ejector mehr amisms Referring to Fig. 9, the selector key representing a twenty-three cent purchase is shown as latched in depressed position. The four levers at the left and the two at the right are in their normal position, because of notches in the plate 40. The five intermediate levers, controlling the two ten cent holders, a five cent holder and two of the one cent holders, have been forced into lowered position. 'lhis depression of the levers 4 causes suflicient upward movement of the rods 7 with which they are connected to lift the stack of coins in each of the corresponding holders through a space substantially equal to the thickness of the coin for which the holder is adapted.

In Fig. 8, the stack of coins is shown in elevated position with the ejector rods 17 thrust forward about half the width of a coin, and it will be observed that this rod 17 is permitted to pass freely through the transverse groove 15. Whenever a stack of coins has been lifted by upward movement of the front end of the lever 4, the coins in the stack will be lifted out of possible contact with the ejector rods. When the stack of coins is in its normal lowered position as indicated in Fig. 2, forward movement of the lejector rod 17, as indicated in Fig. 7, will force the lowermost coin out of the bottom ofthe holder. It will be seen in Fig. 5, that only the lowermost coin of each stack is capable of outward movement when in its lowermost position, the front walls of each holder terminating at their lower ends a little above the top of the lowermost coin of the stack. With the plate 40 in the position shown in Fig. 9, the four columns of, coins controlled by the levers on the extreme left side and the two columns of coins controlled by the levers on the extreme right side are in their lowered position with the coins available for ejection by forward movement of ejector rods 17.

When a customer hasl made a purchase, he will tender in payment a coin or coins, the sum of which will be either the exact amount of the purchase or an amount in excess thereof, and he will not ordinarily oier more coins than are necessary. VFor example, with a twenty-three cent purchase, a customer will offer twenty cents in dimes or nickels and three cents which will be the exact amount, or he may offer a quarter, or threedimes, or a half dollar, or a dollar, or a bill of a larger denomination. He would not offer a quarter and a nickel, or a quarter and a dime, or four dimes, or a half dollar and another coin, because in such cases he would be offering more coins than would be necessary and the cashier would simply return to him such extra unnecessary coins. If a quarter is tendered, the operator will press forward on the ejector key marked 25 7 5. The ejector bar 29 will be thrust forward and, as will be seen in Fig. 6, it will move forward seven of the bracket arms 23, but will not move the two iriins at the extreme right or at the extreme Referring to Fig. 9, it will be seen that while the two columns at the extreme right are available for use, the ejector bars opposite these columns will not be operated by pressure upon the twenty-five cent ejector key and the same statement holds true with respect to the two columns at the extreme left in Fig. 9. Of the remaining seven stacks of coins, five have been lifted by depression of the selector levers, leaving only two onecent columns upon which the ejector rods 17 will operate. Pressure upon the twenty-five cent key will therefore deliver two cents, which is the proper change for a twentythree cent purchase. If the customer offers three dimes, the operator will press upon the uppermost or blue selector key bearing the numeral 30, as shown in Fig. 3, which will cause forward movement of the ejector bar 31. As seen in Fig. 6, this will cause forward movement of five bracket arms 23, the one at the extreme right in Fig. 6, controlling the five cent column designated as 5**, which, as shown in Fig. 9, has its lowermost coin available for ejection. Of the other fourv llO ative position.

is paid. For a twenty-three cent purchase,

10 the customer could not tender in payment thirty-live cents by any combination of coins without presenting at least one excess com,

and the same statement holds true for theamounts of forty cents and forty-five cents. If a fifty cent coin is offered, the operator will thrust forward the ejector key marked 50 in Fig. 3, which will cause forward movement of the ejector bar 28, which as shown in Fig. 6, acts upon eight consecutive bracket arms but does notact'upon the bracket arm controlling the ejector for t-he fifty cent column or the two bracket arms controlling the two ve cent columns at the extreme left in Fi 9. Pressure on the fty cent key will thereore operate to deliver two cents and a quarter, giving the correct change for a fifty cent piece. For the same purchase, the customer could not tender any combination of coins between fty cents and a dollar without giving unnecessar coins which the operator would return. 1f the customer offers a dollar, the operator will press upon the lowermost key in Fig. 3 representing a dol lar purchase, and inspection of Fig. 6 will show that the forward movement of the ejector bar 27. controlled by this key will act upon the same ejector bracket arms as those acted upon by the fifty cent key and in addition will act upon the bracket arm controlling the ejector bar for the fty cent column. Pressure upon the dollar key will therefore deliver two cents, a quarter and a half dollar,'which is the correct change.

It will be seen that the selector plate in Fig. 9 lying directly back of the twenty-three cent plate is identical therewith, with the exception of one additional notch lying opposite the lever controlling a one cent column. This is the plate controlled by the twenty-two cent key and the operation Will be identical with that just described, with the exception that in each case three cents will be delivered instead of two cents.

Specific Zever combinations There are ninety-nine selector keys representing purchase amounts from one cent to ninety-nine cents, and each key controls a selector plate provided with notches opposite certain levers, and unnotched portions opposite other levers causing elevation of the stacks of coins in certain holders. The followin table discloses the denomination and num er of coins which are brought into inoperative position by depression of each of the keys, the characters corresponding to the designation of thecolumns as given in Fig. 5:

It will be of interest to consider certain special cases. Referring to Fig. 10, the selector plate for the six cent purchase is illustrated as in the depressed position, with the five cent plate in normal elevated position behind it, the notches of the five cent plate being indicated by dash lines. It will be seen that the six cent plate causes depression of two levers only, one controlling a ten cent stack and one controlling the nickel stack designated as 5*. If. ten cents is offered in payment for a six cent purchase, the red key upon the extension 38 of the bar 30 is thrust forward and by referring to Fig. 6, it will be seen that forward movement of the bar 30 will cause the ejection of four cents. The bracket arm 23 controlling the ejector rod 17 for the nickel stack designated as 5* will also be thrust forward, but this stack of nickels is raised and hence not available. The customer could not oder fteen cents or twenty cents in payment for a six cent purchase without the use of an unnecessary coin. If he tenders aquarter, pressure upon the twenty-five cent selector key will cause the ejection of four cents, a nickel and a dime, the other dime column being elevated into inoperative position. Considering the five cent selector plate directly back of the six cent selector p ate, it will be noted that it has a notch opposite both of the levers controlling ten cent columns and opposite the lever controlling the nickel column marked 5* but that it has no notches opposite the levers` controlling the cent columns, or the central five cent column, or the five cent column designated by 5**. Pressure upon'the red key for a ten cent tender for a five cent purchase will therefore eject only a nickel from the 5* stack, the coins in the four cent stacks and the 5** stack being elevated and the bar 30 being too short to reach the bracket controlling the central nickel stack. Pressure upon the twenty-five cent key w1ll cause the ejection of two dimes, the four stacks for cents and the central nickel stack being elevated.

It will be observed that in the operation of these two selector plates, one representlng a five cent purchase and the other representing a six cent purchase, it has been necessary to use at least two nickel stacks, for the ten cent key must deliver a nickel when the five cent selector key is depressed, while the twentyfive cent key must deliver two dimes but no nickel. Hence the ten cent key and twentyfive cent key must not operate upon the same nickel stack. But in the operation of the six cent selector key, pressure on the ten cent ejector key must deliver four cents but no nickel, while pressure upon the twenty-five cent ejector key must deliver a dime, four cents and a nickel, and in this case also, it will be seen that the ten cent ejector key and the twenty-five cent ejector key cannot operate upon the same nickel stack, though each must have a nickel stack available in certain cases.

In Fig. 11, the eleven cent selector plate is shown depressed and the ten cent plate behind it in normal elevated position. The eleven cent selector plate holds three levers depressed controlling the 5** stack, one of the dime stacks and the central nickel stack. If fifteen cents is tendered in payment, the operator pressses upon the upper blue key and the bar 31 controlled thereby will throw out four cents, but will pass above the bracket arm 23 controlling the 5* stack and will not eject a nickel from the 5** stack which is held in raised position. If twenty cents is tendered, the red key will be thrust forward and the rod 30 will act upon the bracket arms 23 to cause the ejection of four cents and the lowermost nickel of the 5* stack. If a quarter is offered, the operator presses on the twentyfive cent ejector button and the machine will eject four cents and a dime, the other dime stack and the central nickel stack being elevated.

It will be seen that the ten cent selector plate is notched opposite the levers controlling the 5** stack, the central nickel stack, a ten cent stack, the twenty-five cent stack and the fifty cent stack, and that it will act to depress a ten cent stack four of the cent stacks, and the 5* stack. ressure upon the `nickel and four cents.

twenty-five cent ejector button will therefore cause the delivery'of a nickel and a dime.

It is to be noted that with the eleven cent selector plate depressed, pressure on the ifteen cent ejector key will release four cents but no nickel,'and pressure upon the twenty cent ejector key will release four cents and a nickel, while pressure upon the twenty-five cent key will release four cents and a dime but no nickel. It will thus be evident that the fifteen cent ejector key cannot operate upon the same nickel stack with the twenty cent ejector key and that the twenty cent ejector key cannot operate on the same nickel stack with the twenty-five cent ejector key.

In Fig. 12, selector plate 26 is shown depressed with the late 25 in its normal elevated position. late 26 is arranged to depress the levers controlling stacks 5**, the central nickel stack and the quarter stack, leaving all the other stacks available for the ejection of coins. If thirty cents is tendered,

pressure upon the blue thirty cent ejector key will cause the ejection of four cents, the 5** stack being raised and the bar 31 passing across the top of the bracket arm controlling the 5* stack. If thirty-five cents is tendered, pressure on the red ejector key will press the ejector bar 30 forward, throwing out four cents and a nickel. When fifty cents is tendered, pressure on the fifty cent key will cause the ejection of four cents and two dimes, the central nickel *stack and the quarter stack being lifted. The twenty-five cent selector plate is shown as notched opposite the levers controlling the 5* and 5** stacks, the quarter stack and fifty cent stack. If three dimes are tendered, pressure on the blue ejector key will move the bar 31 forward, causing the ejection of a nickel from the bottom of the 5** stack. If fifty cents is tendered, pressure on the fifty cent key will cause delivery of a quarter. From the operation of these two selector plates, it will be seen that the thirty cent key cannot control the same nickel stack as that controlled by the thirty-five cent key and that the fifty cent key cannot control the same nickel stack as the thirty-five cent key or the thirty cent key. In other words, the thirty cent key and thirty-five cent key are independent of each other and both are independent of the fifty cent key.

In Fig. 13, the thirty-one cent selector plate is shown depressed and holding the levers controlling the 5* stack, a dime stack and the quater stack. If thirty-five cents is tendered, the red ejector key will cause the delivery of four cents. If forty cents is tendered, pressure upon the blue ejector key will cause the delivery of a nickel and four cents. If fifty cents is tendered, pressure on the fifty cent key will cause the delivery of a dime, a

The thirty cent selector key operates to lift the 5** stack, all four of the cent stacks, the central nickel stack and the quarter stack, leaving the others in their normal position available for use. Upon tender of thirty-live cents, the red key will deliver a nickel from the 5* stack. The fifty cent ejector key will deliver two dimes. These two plates illustrate the fact that the thirty-five cent key must be different from' the forty cent and fifty cent keys, the latter having been shown in the previous case.

In Fig. 14, selector plate 36 is shown depressed and holding down the levers controlling the quarter stack, a dime stack, the central nickel stack and the 5** stack. Pres sure on the blue key will deliver four cents. Pressure on the forty-tive cent key will deliver four cents and a nickel. Pressure on the tty cent key will deliver a dime and four cents. The thirty-live cent key depresses all the levers except those controlling the fifty cent stack, a dime stack, the central nickel stack and the 5** stack. Pressure on the forty cent key will deliver a nickel. Pressure on the fifty cent key will deliver a nickel and a dime. The thirty-six cent plate shows that the forty cent key and the fifty cent key must be different from the forty-five cent key. Detailed description of the selector plates shown in Figs. 15, 16 and 17 is deemed unnecessary, the illustration showing clearly in each instance the particular levers controlled by each of the plates, which are designated by numerals upon their upwardly extending stems indicating the amount of purchase.

While it has been shown that certain purchase amounts cannot be used upon the same ejector key with other purchase amounts, it has been found that a single key (the nickel key) can be used for those purchase amounts representing five cents in excess ofthe value of any coin ofthe current denominations of United States money or five cents in excess of the sum of any two or three different coins larger than a nickel, and similarly upon another key (the dime key) may be placed purchase amounts representing ten cents in excess of the value of any coin or combination of unlike coins of the current denominations of United States money. The five ejector keys shown therefore represent not only the five current small denomination coins, the nickel, the dime, the quarter, the half dollar and the dollar, but the five and ten cent keys are also used for the intermediate amounts representing all combinations of two or more diierent coins with the exception of seventy-five cents which is placed on the twen` ty-ive cent key.

The columns of nickels designated as 5* and 5** are used where nickels are necessary in making change when the amounts tendered are necessarily composed of a plurality of coins, except in the case of seventy-five cents, since in every instance the change for a tender Means to prevent simultaneous depression of two keys The mechanism so far described is suflicient to safeguard the operation of the selector and ejector mechanisms, except in the instance' in which two selector keys are simultaneously depressed. Since this would `not be done deliberately, the only instance in which it would occur would be when two adjacent keys were pressed downward by the fin er of the operator engaging the heads of bot at the same time. It has been shown that if one selector key is depressed and held in depressed position by the latch plate, downward pressure upon any other key free to move will cause the unlatching of the key lirst depressed, whereupon the second key may be held depressed if it has been thrust downward to a point at which the latch plate will operate, but if two keys side by side are pressed downward simultaneously, the

latch plate might move into the seat 47 ofv both, at the same time, so that both keys would be held depressed, and this might result in the delivery of the wrong amount of change. To prevent the possibility of such an error, a substantially rectangular tilting framework is mounted upon brackets 84 and 85, the axis of the pivots 86 being substantially midway of the length of the selector plates. The side bars 87 and 88 of the tilting framework lie beneath the opposite ends of the entire row of selector plates. As is shown in Fig. 9, the plate 40 holds the side bar 87 depressed, while the side bar 88 is elevated to a position just beneath the lower edge of the late immediately at the rear, the depressedp plate 40 being notched at its right end to permit this elevated position of the side bar 88. So long as the depressed plate 40 is held downward by the latch plate 44, downward movement of the plate adjacent thereto will be prevented by the side bar 88. By inspection of Figs. 9 to 17 inclusive, it will be seen that adjacent plates have their notched ends permitting upward movement of the side bars of the tilting frame arranged at opposite ends, crosswise of the keyboard, as illustrated by the two plates in Fi s. 9, 10, 12 and 14, and also lengthwise o the ke board. Thus in Fig. 9, the selector plate br a twenty-three cent purchase is notched at the right, while the selector plate for a twenty-two cent purchase is notched at the left. The twenty-one cent plate will be notched at the right and the eleven cent plate will be notched at the left as shown in Fig. 11. This alternate right and left arrangement of the selector plates controlled by the keys crosswise of the keyboard and also lengthwise of the keyboard will prevent any two adjacent keys being the release ofthe latching mechanism as vheretofore described, but half of the keys,

that is, each alternate key, will be prevented from downward movement by the tilting frame. If itis desired to release a key which is latched, pressure upon the key marked Free in Fig. 1, will move the'latch plate 44 out of engagement with the notch 47 of the depressed key, the selector plate will be thrown upward by its spring 41 and the keyboard will then be ready for downward pressure upon any of the keys.

The key marked Free in Fig. 1, is shown inside view in Fig. 22. It will be seen that its stem is similar to that of the other keys,

but its sliding plate 89 acts merely-as a guide plate, and is narrower than the selector plates 40, so that it does not operate to depress any of the levers 4, and does not come 1n Contact with the tilting side bars 87 and 88. The cam surface 90 acts merely to cause sidewise movement of the latching plate for a sufficient distance to unlatch it'from any depressed selector' key stem, but is not provided with any notch by which the latch plate may hold the key either elevated or-de pressed. This key is solely for the purpose of freeing the keys of the selector keyboard from the action of the latch plate when any key is held in depressed position.

M otz'ycatz'om In Fig. 18, a modified form of av device is illustrated, inv which the lifting mechanism for the coin stacks is omitted. In this modification, the coins are arranged in a holderv having a fixed bottom 91 and the coin ejecting members. shown as ejector rods 92, instead of being guided as are the rods 17, are mounted upon a lever 93 pivoted at 94 upon a bracket arm 95. The levers 93 are normally held by a spring 96 in a position in which the outer ends of the ejector rods 92 lie opposite openings 97 formed in the rear of the coin holders just above the bottom 91, and forward movement of the bracket arms 95 upon their guides 98 will cause the ejection of the lowermost l coin from each stack into-which an ejector rod 92 enters. Beneath one end of the lever 93 is a table 99 secured upon the upper end of a rod 100, the table normally being held lowered by the action of a spring 101. The spring bears at its upper end against bar 102, and at its lower end against a` sleeve 103 secured to the rod 100. The lower end of the rod 100 passes through a guide 104. The levers 4 operate to lift the rod 100 with the table 99 into a position shown in dot and dash lines, and this will cause the lever 93 to swing about its pivot 94, throwing the outer end of the ejector rod 92 downward into la position in which forward movement of the bracket arm will carry the ejector rod beneath the bottom 91 of the holders. The lower end 'of the lever 93 slides upon the upper surface of the table 99, and is maintained in its tilted position, so long as the table is raised. The effect of swinging the lever 93 about its pivot to bring the ejector rod into inoperative position will produce .the same result as that produced by the elevation of the coins of the cor- \responding stack and the action of the selector mechanism is otherwise identical with that previously described. The latching mechanism and other safety devices used in the previous modification have been omitted from Fig. 18, for the sake of simplicity, but it is obvious that they could be employed in the resent embodiment with only si :h slight vmo ifications as might be necessitated by the differences in configuration of the various parts.

In Figs. 19, 20 and 21, a modification of the device is shown in which the coin stacks are arranged. at the rear of .the machine directly in front of the operator, the ejector bars being mounted for vertical reciprocation. In this modification I provide a single holder for cents and a single holder for dimes. As shown in Fig. 19, the selector levers 105 tilt about the pivot rod 106 causing their outer arms 107 to rise and this upward movement of the arms 107 acts upon the arms 108 of the levers 109 to depress the ends of the when the ejector rods 110 are thrust rearward, only those levers 109 which have not been swung upon their pivot will act to eject coins.

As a convenient mechanism for causing longitudinal movement of the ejector rods 110, I provide racks 111 upon their upper surfaces engaged bythe gears 112 mounted upon the shaft 113. Secured to each of the gears 112-is a smaller gear 114in meshv with a rack llarranged on a vertical face of a sleeve v116 slidable vertically upon a rod 117. Each of the sleeves 116 has a bracket arm 118 normally held in its uppermost position of movement by a spring 119. The ejector keys 120 are substantially identical with those of the form shown in Fi 2 or in Fig. 18, and their operation upon t e bracket arms 118 is similar in all respects to those of the earlier described embodiments. rIhe ejector bars 121 will of course be shorter than .in the other embodiments because of the use of only one holder forv cents. The three bars to the right in Fig. 20 will also be shorter because of the presence of only a single holder for dimes.

As will be seen at the right in Fig. 19, the levers 109 lie opposite the four lower cent pieces in the stack 122, and when four cents are to be ejected in making change, all four levers 109 adjacent to the coin holders so that y may be pushed longitudinally at the same time, this giving a broad bearing against the lower coins. It is of course obvious that it will not be necessary to depress the levers 109 arranged opposite one cent or two cents, when three cents are to be ejected, only the uppermost lever being moved to inoperative position. For the ejection of two cents, the levers 109 arranged opposite the two uppermost of the four lower coins in the stack 122 are depressed by the elevation of the arms 107 so that only the two lower cents will be ejected, while for the ejection of one cent, the three uppermost levers are depressed.

Suitable spring clips 123 ma be arranged opposite `the three uppermost o the four lowermost coins in the stacks 122, as illustrated in Fig. 19, to afford sufficient restraint to prevent these coins from being projected outward by movement of a lower coin. A similar arrangement will be made in the oase of dimes, a spring 124 being set against the uppermost of the two lower coins in the dime stack. v

It will be evident that many other modifications of the device may be made where it is to be used solely as a change making machine and it will also be obvious that this device may be combined with other machines such as cash registers or computing machines.

A study of the possible amounts of change received in tendering various coins and combinations of coins in payment of purchases will show that a fifty cent piece will be delivered only when a dollar or more is tendered in payment. There is no possible combination of coins totaling an amount greater than fifty cents and less than a dollar which could be offered in payment for a purchase of less than a dollar necessitating a return of fty cents or more in change. Similarly a quarter will be delivered in change only when a fifty cent piece or a dollar or more is tendered. There is no combination of coins having a total value greater than twenty-five cents and less than one dollar which would be olered for a purchase necessitating the return of as much as twenty-five cents in change. Again, a dime will be necessary in making change only when twenty-live cents, fifty cents, seventy-five cents or a dollar is tendered in payment. In order to make up any of the intermediate amounts shown on the blue or red ejector keys, it is necessary to use a nickel or a dime, therefor there will never be an amount greater than nine cents given in change when any of the sums indicated on these two keys is tendered.

In any machine assembly embodying the principles of this invention, the amount of payment keys representing any sum of money divisable by ve, except twenty-five cents, iifty cents, seventy-tive cents or one dollar will need to actuate ejector mechanism controlling only nickels and cents, since the amount of change to be delivered in any such case will not exceed nine cents.

In every case there will be a selective mechanism wh1ch will act upon certain parts of the ejector mechanism to exclude certain coins or groups of coins from the action of the ejector keys, thereby rendering the ejector keys inoperative so far as the selected coins are concerned and thereby permitting only the ejection of such coins as remains within the operation of unaffected ejector means. This selective mechanism will be actuated in accordance with the amounts of purchases and the ejector mechanism will be actuated in accordance with the amounts tendered in payment.

It will be understood therefore that I do not wish to be limited to the specific mechanisms shown and described, but that the invention is claimed broadly in any of its forms or modifications within the legitimate and valid scope of the appended claims.

I claim:

l. A change making machine comprising a plurality of coin receptacles adapted to contain coins of each of the diii'erent denominations, a coin support movably mounted in said receptacle, a plurality of ejector means each including an ejector bar, and means operated by the bar to eject coins from said receptacles a. plurality of selector keys, a plurality of levers mounted for pivotal movement, each of said keys causing pivotal movement of a plurality of said levers, each of said levers being adapted by its pivotal movement to move a coin support whereby to cause movement of the coins in a receptacle relative to the bar operated ejecting means, whereby pressure upon a selector key will cause a selective setting of a plurality of levers to prevent the ejection of coins from one or more receptacles when an ejector bar is operated.

2. A change making machine comprising a plurality of receptacles for coins of different denominations, coin ejecting means for each of said receptacles, selective means adapted to move said coins out of'the path of said ejector means, a bank of keys, each controllin a plurality of said selective mechanisms, an means for retaining said selective mechanism in a position of selective setting until released by the operation of mechanism causing the ejection of a coin.

3. A change making machine comprising a plurality of receptacles for coins of different denominations, each receptacle having a movable coin ejecting member, means adapted to render each of said coin ejecting members inoperative, comprising a pivoted coin raising lever, a plurality of selector keys, each adaptl ed when depressed to cause the operation of a plurality of said levers, and means for retaining said key in depressed position.

In testimony whereof I aflix my signature. .A 

